Publications

Indian people are at high risk for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) even at younger ages and lower body weights. Already 74 million people in India have the disease, and  the proportion of those with T2DM is increasing across all strata of society.  Unique aspects, related to lower insulin secretion or function, and higher  hepatic fat deposition, accompanied by the rise in overweight (related to  lifestyle changes) may all be responsible for this unrelenting epidemic of T2DM.  Yet, research to understand the causes, pathophysiology, phenotypes, prevention,  treatment, and healthcare delivery of T2DM in India seriously lags behind. There  are major opportunities for scientific discovery and technological innovation,  which if tapped can generate solutions for T2DM relevant to the country's context  and make leading contributions to global science. We analyze the situation of  T2DM in India, and present a four-pillar (etiology, precision medicine,  implementation research, and health policy) strategic research framework to  tackle the challenge. We offer key research questions for each pillar, and  identify infrastructure needs. India offers a fertile environment for shifting  the paradigm from imprecise late-stage diabetes treatment toward early-stage  precision prevention and care. Investing in and leveraging academic and  technological infrastructures, across the disciplines of science, engineering,  and medicine, can accelerate progress toward a diabetes-free nation.