Publications

Introduction: Maintaining hemodynamic stability during the perioperative period of major neurosurgical procedures is of paramount importance. A major challenge for anesthesiologists during hemodynamic fluctuations is identifying the underlying cause to guide appropriate therapy. Limited literature is available on the utility of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) during hemodynamic fluctuations in major neurosurgery. We prospectively investigated the role of TEE-derived measures of preload, myocardial contractility, and afterload to evaluate the causes of hemodynamic instability during neurosurgery.